New Refactoring Kata - Yahtzee - by Jon Jagger

Yahtzee/README

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+========================
+Yahtzee Refactoring Kata
+========================
+
+This Refactoring Kata was designed by Jon Jagger and is available in his Cyber-Dojo on these urls:
+
+C#:   http://cyber-dojo.com/diff/show/E4466E24B2?avatar=elephant&tag=26
+Java: http://cyber-dojo.com/diff/show/3D5589AA49?avatar=panda&tag=1
+
+The other language translations have been contributed by:
+
+Python: Emily Bache
+
+=============
+Yahtzee rules
+=============
+
+The game of yahtzee is a simple dice game. Each player
+rolls five six-sided dice. They can re-roll some or all
+of the dice up to three times (including the original roll).
+
+For example, suppose a players rolls
+    3,4,5,5,2
+They hold (-,-,5,5,-) and re-roll (3,4,-,-,2)
+    5,1,5,5,3
+They hold (5,-,5,5,-) and re-roll (-,1,-,-,3)
+    5,6,5,5,2
+
+The player then places the roll in a category, such as ones,
+twos, fives, pair, two pairs etc (see below). If the roll is
+compatible with the category, the player gets a score for the
+roll according to the rules. If the roll is not compatible
+with the category, the player scores zero for the roll.
+
+For example, suppose a player scores 5,6,5,5,2 in the fives
+category they would score 15 (three fives). The score for
+that go is then added to their total and the category cannot
+be used again in the remaining goes for that game. 
+A full game consists of one go for each category. Thus, for
+their last go in a game, a player must choose their only
+remaining category.
+
+Your task is to score a GIVEN roll in a GIVEN category.
+You do NOT have to program the random dice rolling.
+The game is NOT played by letting the computer choose the
+highest scoring category for a given roll.
+  
+
+Yahzee Categories and Scoring Rules
+===================================
+
+Chance: 
+  The player scores the sum of all dice,
+  no matter what they read.
+  For example,
+   1,1,3,3,6 placed on "chance" scores 14 (1+1+3+3+6)
+   4,5,5,6,1 placed on "chance" scores 21 (4+5+5+6+1)  
+
+Yahtzee: 
+  If all dice have the same number,
+  the player scores 50 points. 
+  For example,
+   1,1,1,1,1 placed on "yahtzee" scores 50
+   1,1,1,2,1 placed on "yahtzee" scores 0
+
+Ones, Twos, Threes, Fours, Fives, Sixes: 
+  The player scores the sum of the dice that reads one, 
+  two, three, four, five or six, respectively. 
+  For example,  
+   1,1,2,4,4 placed on "fours" scores 8 (4+4)
+   2,3,2,5,1 placed on "twos" scores 4  (2+2)
+   3,3,3,4,5 placed on "ones" scores 0
+
+Pair: 
+  The player scores the sum of the two highest matching dice.
+  For example, when placed on "pair" 
+   3,3,3,4,4 scores 8 (4+4)
+   1,1,6,2,6 scores 12 (6+6)
+   3,3,3,4,1 scores 0
+   3,3,3,3,1 scores 0
+
+Two pairs: 
+  If there are two pairs of dice with the same number, the
+  player scores the sum of these dice. 
+  For example, when placed on "two pairs"
+   1,1,2,3,3 scores 8 (1+1+3+3)
+   1,1,2,3,4 scores 0
+   1,1,2,2,2 scores 0
+
+Three of a kind: 
+  If there are three dice with the same number, the player
+  scores the sum of these dice. 
+  For example, when placed on "three of a kind"  
+    3,3,3,4,5 scores 9 (3+3+3)
+    3,3,4,5,6 scores 0
+    3,3,3,3,1 scores 0
+
+Four of a kind: 
+  If there are four dice with the same number, the player
+  scores the sum of these dice. 
+  For example, when placed on "four of a kind"  
+    2,2,2,2,5 scores 8 (2+2+2+2)
+    2,2,2,5,5 scores 0
+    2,2,2,2,2 scores 0
+
+Small straight: 
+  When placed on "small straight", if the dice read 
+  1,2,3,4,5, the player scores 15 (the sum of all the dice.
+
+Large straight: 
+  When placed on "large straight", if the dice read 
+  2,3,4,5,6, the player scores 20 (the sum of all the dice).
+
+Full house: 
+  If the dice are two of a kind and three of a kind, the
+  player scores the sum of all the dice. 
+  For example, when placed on "full house"  
+    1,1,2,2,2 scores 8 (1+1+2+2+2) 
+    2,2,3,3,4 scores 0
+    4,4,4,4,4 scores 0