diff --git a/TypeScript/test/jest/gilded-rose.spec.ts b/TypeScript/test/jest/gilded-rose.spec.ts
index 8255a6f2..47d3ca5b 100644
--- a/TypeScript/test/jest/gilded-rose.spec.ts
+++ b/TypeScript/test/jest/gilded-rose.spec.ts
@@ -1,13 +1,22 @@
 import { Item, GildedRose } from "@/gilded-rose";
 
+const generalItem = (sellIn: number, quality: number) =>
+  new Item("foo", sellIn, quality);
+const ageableItem = (sellIn: number, quality: number) =>
+  new Item("Aged Brie", sellIn, quality);
+const legendaryItem = (sellIn: number, quality: number) =>
+  new Item("Sulfuras, Hand of Ragnaros", sellIn, quality);
+const backstagePassItem = (sellIn: number, quality: number) =>
+  new Item("Backstage passes to a TAFKAL80ETC concert", sellIn, quality);
+
 describe("Gilded Rose", () => {
   it("should degrade quality", () => {
-    const gildedRose = new GildedRose([new Item("foo", 1, 1)]);
+    const gildedRose = new GildedRose([generalItem(1, 1)]);
     const items = gildedRose.updateQuality();
     expect(items[0].quality).toBe(0);
   });
   it("should tick down sell in", () => {
-    const gildedRose = new GildedRose([new Item("foo", 1, 1)]);
+    const gildedRose = new GildedRose([generalItem(1, 1)]);
     const items = gildedRose.updateQuality();
     expect(items[0].sellIn).toBe(0);
   });
@@ -26,72 +35,62 @@ describe("Gilded Rose", () => {
     expect(items[1].sellIn).toBe(1);
   });
   it("should degrade twice as fast past sell in date", () => {
-    const gildedRose = new GildedRose([new Item("foo", 0, 3)]);
+    const gildedRose = new GildedRose([generalItem(0, 3)]);
     const items = gildedRose.updateQuality();
     expect(items[0].sellIn).toBe(-1);
     expect(items[0].quality).toBe(1);
   });
   it("should not have negative quality for expired items", () => {
-    const gildedRose = new GildedRose([new Item("foo", 0, 0)]);
+    const gildedRose = new GildedRose([generalItem(0, 0)]);
     const items = gildedRose.updateQuality();
     expect(items[0].sellIn).toBe(-1);
     expect(items[0].quality).toBe(0);
   });
   it("should not have negative quality for non expired items", () => {
-    const gildedRose = new GildedRose([new Item("foo", 1, 0)]);
+    const gildedRose = new GildedRose([generalItem(1, 0)]);
     const items = gildedRose.updateQuality();
     expect(items[0].sellIn).toBe(0);
     expect(items[0].quality).toBe(0);
   });
   it("should tick up quality for Aged Brie", () => {
-    const gildedRose = new GildedRose([new Item("Aged Brie", 1, 0)]);
+    const gildedRose = new GildedRose([ageableItem(1, 0)]);
     const items = gildedRose.updateQuality();
     expect(items[0].sellIn).toBe(0);
     expect(items[0].quality).toBe(1);
   });
   it("should not exceed a quality of 50", () => {
-    const gildedRose = new GildedRose([new Item("Aged Brie", 1, 50)]);
+    const gildedRose = new GildedRose([ageableItem(1, 50)]);
     const items = gildedRose.updateQuality();
     expect(items[0].sellIn).toBe(0);
     expect(items[0].quality).toBe(50);
   });
   it("should not tick down sell in or quality if the item is Sulfuras", () => {
-    const gildedRose = new GildedRose([
-      new Item("Sulfuras, Hand of Ragnaros", 1, 2),
-    ]);
+    const gildedRose = new GildedRose([legendaryItem(1, 2)]);
     const items = gildedRose.updateQuality();
     expect(items[0].sellIn).toBe(1);
     expect(items[0].quality).toBe(2);
   });
   describe("backstage pass", () => {
     it("should tick up quality with more than 10 days of sell in", () => {
-      const gildedRose = new GildedRose([
-        new Item("Backstage passes to a TAFKAL80ETC concert", 11, 2),
-      ]);
+      const gildedRose = new GildedRose([backstagePassItem(11, 2)]);
       const items = gildedRose.updateQuality();
       expect(items[0].sellIn).toBe(10);
       expect(items[0].quality).toBe(3);
     });
     it("should tick up quality twice with less than 10 days of sell in", () => {
-      const gildedRose = new GildedRose([
-        new Item("Backstage passes to a TAFKAL80ETC concert", 10, 2),
-      ]);
+      const gildedRose = new GildedRose([backstagePassItem(10, 2)]);
       const items = gildedRose.updateQuality();
       expect(items[0].sellIn).toBe(9);
       expect(items[0].quality).toBe(4);
     });
     it("should tick up quality thrice with less than 5 days of sell in", () => {
-      const gildedRose = new GildedRose([
-        new Item("Backstage passes to a TAFKAL80ETC concert", 5, 2),
-      ]);
+      const gildedRose = new GildedRose([backstagePassItem(5, 2)]);
       const items = gildedRose.updateQuality();
       expect(items[0].sellIn).toBe(4);
       expect(items[0].quality).toBe(5);
     });
     it("should have 0 quality when sell in date has passed", () => {
-      const gildedRose = new GildedRose([
-        new Item("Backstage passes to a TAFKAL80ETC concert", 0, 2),
-      ]);
+      const gildedRose = new GildedRose([backstagePassItem(0, 2)]);
       const items = gildedRose.updateQuality();
       expect(items[0].sellIn).toBe(-1);
       expect(items[0].quality).toBe(0);